Monday, October 27, 2008

The Dark Knight Avid Workflow

"The Dark Knight" director/cinematographer team Christopher Nolan and Wally Pfister are well known for their insistence on a traditional photochemical finish for their collaborations. And watching their films in a theater, it's hard not to see their point. "Batman Begins," "The Prestige" and "The Dark Knight" all had unbelievable clarity and depth. I have nothing against the DI process, but it does seem to result in a slightly flatter look when compared with a traditional finish.

"The Dark Knight" had a hybrid workflow; from what I understand, the IMAX shots were scanned digitally for the 35mm prints. Editor Lee Smith then selected the part of the frame that would appear in 2.40:1 on the 35mm prints. Those sections were then filmed-out and cut in with the anamorphic 35mm negative.

On IMAX prints, the process was backwards. The 35mm portions were up-scaled digitally using IMAX's amazing proprietary system. Those were then cut together with IMAX camera negative for the large format sequences.

How cool is that!! Here is an interesting article from Avid detailing the challenges facing the editing team.

Editing The Dark Knight on Avid

Friday, October 24, 2008

To DI or not to DI...

Bill and I are getting ready to post our latest collaboration. We shot on Super 16 (on 7201, 7205 and 7218) and pull processed most of our footage. Both of us like the increase in latitude and soft colors that it yields. In our initial tests, it also seemed to result in slightly tighter grain.

We're doing a few comparison tests over the next few weeks to decide whether to do a full 2K DI, an HDCAM-SR finish (then transfer to film), or to do a traditional optical blowup. Luckily, Bill shot the film in a way that keeps our options somewhat open. He didn't leave a bunch of stuff to be done in post.

One thing I really love about the newer 16mm filmstocks is that they can yield a look somewhat similar to old filmstocks of the 60's and 70's. The Vision 2 35mm stocks are so amazingly clean and sharp and grain free...which is nice, but I'm fond of a grubbier look now and then.

Our first film together as a director/D.P. team was shot in SD video on the ol' Panasonic DVX100. Although I definitely prefer working on film, with our first project that was not a possibility. It was a "work with what you go" type of situation. (As it always is, I suppose).

-Dave Boyle

Thursday, October 23, 2008

Gigantic Digital Launches Online Cinema/Wayne Wang and Youtube

2008 seems to be a watershed year for internet distribution. Watching the growing pains of VOD/streaming video is very exciting.

Gigantic has been around for a little while, both in the music and movie business. Gigantic Releasing just launched a digital arm called Gigantic Digital.

For $2.99, you can rent one of their streaming movies for a 3 day window. Price wise, that's not bad compared with iTunes (which usually has a 24 hour window). Plus, they refer to it as a "ticket," which is kinda cool because you feel like you're going to the cinema. Sort of. Still, its a nice idea.

David Kaplan's rotoscope animated fantasy Year of the Fish is one of the first offerings on the site. I saw the film last year at AFI Dallas, and wanted to check it out again. I was struck by the high quality of the streaming video; I didn't notice any compression artifacts that distracted from the viewing experience. Nor were there many "hiccups" due to slow buffering. You can even select a full-screen option that fills your whole monitor. The image quality was totally acceptable--not all that much different from a DVD. Overall, the best digital streaming experience I've had yet.

Peter Knegt at IndieWire reported the launch of the new site this morning (which is how I came across it). Check out his coverage.

"The Princess of Nebraska" by Wayne Wang recently made a big splash when it debuted exclusively on YouTube. I haven't had a chance to watch the whole thing, but in the first few minutes I was distracted by the poor video quality (especially now having checked out Gigantic's site). Even in full-screen, high quality mode, the image was so chunky and pixellated that I had a hard time getting into it. Still, Wayne Wang is the man and I've always liked his work.

Broadcasting indie films via the internet is still very much in its infancy. Companies like Cinetic Rights Management are making heroic efforts to solve the two puzzles facing us:

1- How do we make sustainable income from this distribution model?

It's not clear if "Princess of Nebraska" has some kind of ad revenue deal with You Tube. Other sites do pick up some money from pop up ads or commercials...but movies are expensive, and no one knows when this will turn into a viable source of income.

I think that the $ issue can be solved once we figure out the answer to...

2- When are we going to be able to stream from our computers directly to our TV sets?

(Okay, so maybe this isn't one of the issues filmmakers think about...but I think this is a big one!)

In all honesty, who really likes to sit at their desk and watch a movie on their desktop computer? I do it only when I have to; my flat screen TV offers a much better viewing experience, as well as the ability to recline on the couch. Game over.

Thus far, Netflix has developed some kind of cable box to access their streaming VOD library, and Apple has something called Apple TV (imaginative name). Neither seems to have really caught on, by which I mean that nobody I know has either. Until the accessories necessary to hook up your Mac/PC to a REAL television become either affordable or built-in, I don't think streaming video will really take off as a major earning source for filmmakers.

There are tons of other issues that I haven't even touched. The Web as it currently exists was never meant to support something as complex as video transmission. Perhaps the next generation of "The Internet" will hold the key to many of our problems.

In time, these issues will get sorted out. "The Princess of Nebraska" was definitely a landmark event, but from the outside its difficult to tell how it really benefited the filmmakers. Getting an audience is great (200,000 views over the weekend from what I hear), but filmmakers have to pay the bills too.

-Boyle

"Appaloosa"

"Appaloosa" is a very good western directed by Ed Harris and shot by Dean Semler (ASC and ACS). Harris and co-star Viggo Mortensen are great fun to watch in the lead roles as a pair of gunslingers who freelance as lawmen in the old west.

The gunfights are short and sweet; Harris does for the gunfight what Takeshi Kitano did for the swordfight in "Zatoichi (2004)".

Dean Semler was one of the few DP's to often shoot on the ASA 800 speed Kodak stock (since discontinued), and has become one of the higher profile proponents of digital cameras in recent years. He shot most of both "Apocalypto" and "Get Smart" using the Panavision Genesis camera. He frequently uses different shutter angles and other tricks in order to shoot in low light conditions. In both of those films, I was annoyed by the smearing effect caused by the shutter angle ("21", shot by Russell Carpenter, exhibited many of the same artifacts). Most audience members don't get bothered by these aberrations, but they stand out like a sore thumb to me. It makes me feel as though I'm watching a cheesy reenactment on the History Channel; the film looks like interlaced video, especially when there is movement in the frame.

"Appaloosa" was shot on film, so I guess the above tangent was somewhat irrelevant. It could have been the print I viewed, but the film looked a little soft and had some distracting grain in some shots. Still, it's a wonderful film. And I loved the shot of the cougar.

-Dave Boyle

Wednesday, October 22, 2008

Alexander Witt on "Body of Lies"

Ridley Scott's new movie "Body of Lies" was based on a book that I really enjoyed. The book was smart, terse, and very dry. All of the explosions were "off-screen," so to speak.

The movie version has an explosion about every 10 minutes. I doubt many will complain, but it wasn't really my cup of tea.

HOWEVER...one really cool aspect of the production was that Scott promoted 2nd unit DP Alexander Witt to head DP for the movie. It's always touching when top filmmakers promote within the ranks. American Cinematographer featured the movie in the October issue:

Body of Lies--AC October '08

-Dave Boyle

Monday, October 20, 2008

"Rachel Getting Married"

Jonathan Demme has always been a huge inspiration to me. I read somewhere that when Orion was getting ready to make "Silence of the Lambs," and Demme's name came up, nobody (including Demme himself) believed he was the right guy for the job. Of course, that ended up being a huge success and swept the Academy Awards.

The versatility he's shown in his career, whether directing documentaries (like "Cousin Bobby") or breezy comedies (like "Married to the Mob") is really breathtaking. I even like his misfires, such as "The Truth about Charlie." He's always got something interesting going on, even when the movie itself doesn't entirely gel.

I recently saw "Rachel Getting Married," and he's really at the top of his game. It's a great movie by any standard. And yeah, it was shot on digital.

The thing that I really liked about "Rachel" was that the choice to shoot on digital really helped to tell the story. It was the rare case of a digital movie that I didn't wish had been shot on film. I felt like I was watching a real documentary, or somebody's wedding video (albeit a very well shot wedding video). Roger Ebert wrote a nice review that also comments on the film's wonderful "post race" mindset: Rachel Getting Married Ebert Review

One thing I've always liked about Demme is that he usually works with his good friend Tak Fujimoto. Long term director/D.P. collaborations give me warm and fuzzy feelings. This time out, Declan Quinn fills in (though I see from his imdb page that he's worked with Demme before on some docs).

Fujimoto has always been one of my favorite cinematographers; he's got such a great eye for natural detail and organic movement. Demme and Fujimoto shot some select flashback scenes for "The Truth about Charlie" on consumer-grade digital video and in the commentary track, Demme noted that Fujimoto was very excited by the results, and said that someday he'd like to do a whole project that way. Looks like Declan Quinn (who's pretty great too, BTW) got the gig this time (presumably Fujimoto was shooting "The Happening"?) but hopefully Fujimoto and Demme will find another great project for the DV medium.

-Dave Boyle

Friday, October 17, 2008

Sleeping Beauty Blu-Ray

I haven't yet bitten the bullet and bought a Blu-Ray player, but as the list of available titles grows, I'm getting more and more...eager.

This past week, Disney released a souped-up edition of "Sleeping Beauty." According to the New York Times DVD Column this past week, the film was originally shot in Super Technirama, with an Aspect Ratio of 2.55:1.

Films with unusually wide aspect ratios (like "Ben Hur" for example) always make for interesting viewing on TV. Sometimes the letterboxes themselves occupy much more of the screen than the actual frame. It must be stunning to see a picture that wide in a venue like the Cinerama Dome in Hollywood.

I'm pretty sure Disney must have re-released "Sleeping Beauty" sometime in the 80's because I have a distinct memory of going to see it in the cinema with my parents. I don't believe I've seen it since.

This may seem a little off-topic, but I've always been a huge fan of hand-drawn animation. You can really see the sweat that goes into moviemaking in every frame.

-Dave Boyle

Travis Cline, DP

Travis Cline is an awesome DP and all around nice guy who has done a lot of impressive work over the last few years. His most recent project was "Hottieboombalottie" which premiered at LAFF earlier this year.

He just started a website with a great reel of his work. Check it out: Travis Cline, DP

Thursday, October 16, 2008

From 2006 to 2008

Here's an article from the International Cinematographers Guild from 2006.

Interesting how much, and yet how little has changed in the past few years. The digital cameras mentioned in the article have all either had their day in the sun, or are still too expensive to be used on anything but the biggest budget studio films (for example, David Fincher's "Zodiac" which used the Viper Filmstream camera).

And yet, the use of Super 16 as a capture medium just continues to grow. The new filmstocks are so good, they've remained very competitive with the highest quality digital formats.

To quote Cooke Optics' Les Zellan from the article:

"We've seen a resurgence of interest in (Super 16). Many companies think 16 is dead. The video guys have been saying so for years. Sometimes even we believed it. People get caught up in buzz and there’s an idea that you have to shoot this way because ‘everyone’s doing it.’ That’s often the first wave. Then people realize the technology that they were so excited about isn’t always best. People jumped on the video or HD bandwagon where often 16 makes more sense.”

Ha ha, I like how he calls them "video guys."

-Dave Boyle

Wednesday, October 15, 2008

Fear Not Film

The point of this blog is to reach out to the new generation of filmmakers and spread the news about the importance of understanding the craft of shooting on celluloid.

There is a new generation of filmmakers coming up that are excited over the newer digital medium and the adage that comes with it, "film is dead." When I hear someone boast of this it tells me that this person doesn't understand (and may even fear) shooting on celluloid. I am not a film purist, in fact I have just finished principal photography on a feature shot with the RED camera. But I do, and always will, prefer to shoot on film and if I would have had a choice, I would have chosen super-16 over the RED in a heartbeat.
The only advantage the RED had over super 16 in this instance was that it was cheaper, but not by much. The production still had to spend $8000 on hard drives for a triple back-up system.

I'm not here to bad mouth The RED. In fact it is a great tool and I enjoyed shooting with it and I will be shooting with it again on an upcoming project, but I need to set the record straight about the advantages of film, and that film is not dead. What I discovered with the RED in testing is that it demands more light in low-light situations-- if you want a pristine image with low noise you have to rate the camera at around 120. That can be quite problematic with low-budget filmmaking. The whole idea of this particular production's choice of using the RED was to save money, and of course, to impress financiers with the prestige and awe that comes with RED. However, we ended up having to pay for a generator, heavy duty lighting, and a crew to get the stop I needed. If we would have shot on the beautiful 7218 500 speed Kodak stock on this particular project, I could have gotten away without the generator, heavy lighting and the extra crew. I am not saying that shooting on film always allows for less light,. There will always be situations where you will need more light and power regardless of the format, but this project was designed to be kept small, and could have been kept small if shot on high speed film stock.

As I said earlier I am not a film purist but there is something more rewarding about shooting with film over digital. I believe that most peoples' fears of film stems from the very fact that shooting on film and shooting it well demands more skill! It also demands more vision and foresight! With film you are using an intuition built up over years of practice. There is no monitor to rely on or to double check exposures and ratios. It is done by eye and a lightmeter. There will be those who argue with me on this, but I assure anyone that it would be coming from a person who has failed on celluloid and embraces digital because of it's safety nets. Those who do shoot film well would agree that you can carry over your skills to digital with great success, but if you are only skilled in the digital world and shoot according to your monitor and histogram, you would find yourself in a bind if a project demanded to be shot on film.

-Bill Otto

Woodstock Film Festival Wrap-Up

IN A DREAM This documentary by Jeremiah Zagar was quite extraordinary. The film, made over the course of several years, follows the filmmaker's father, noted artist Isaiah Zagar. Isaiah is based in Philadelphia, and over the past 40 years has decorated Philadelphia with his idiosyncratic and beautiful murals. The younger Zagar shows a equal level of care and artistry in crafting his film.

Many of the domestic scenes were shot (by Zagar himself) on miniDV, while the interviews appeared to be shot in HD. Some of the murals appeared to be captured on film, depicting the elder Zagar walking through his work in slow motion. It's an all around beautiful film. Editors Keiko Deguchi and Zagar picked up an editing award, and the film won the documentary prize at the festival.

On the narrative side, I caught the very funny comedy HAPPY BIRTHDAY, HARRIS MALDEN. Written, produced and directed by the comedy group Sweaty Robot (they have a great logo), the movie is best seen without any forehand knowledge of the plot. Though the central subject of the movie could have resulted in some very bad, very broad comedy, the Roboteers play it pretty close to the vest and go for subtle humor that builds over the course of the movie. They also make the most out of a very limited resources; the production design creates a whole world despite the obvious limitations of a 5 figure budget.

The best thing about the movie is the fluid and organic blocking. Every scene really flows; the group's timing both in front and behind the camera is impeccable. For a movie with 5 directors, the result is surprisingly cohesive.

Matthew Sanchez is the behind-the-camera robot who took on the group's cinematography duties. It appears to be shot on DVCpro HD with some kind of film lens adaptor (like the Red Rock filter). I was very impressed with the results. Who knows what amazing stuff these guys could accomplish on film...

Check out their website; the movie is available on DVD now.

-Dave Boyle

Tuesday, October 14, 2008

"Ballast" playing in New York City

I saw Lance Hammer's "Ballast" in New York this past week. It's a great movie, uplifting in unexpected ways.

From what I've read, it sounds like director Lance Hammer and his D.P. Lol Crawley shot using primarily available light (all the light that was available on the truck?) on Super 35. I didn't see a DI credit on the final credit roll, so I'm assuming it was a traditional optical finish.

Michael Tully reviewed the film and also compared the film to another recent indie "Frozen River." I share his sentiments. His review can be found here: Hammer to Nail "Ballast" Review

-Dave Boyle

Jonathan Canlas' Blog

My friend Jonathan Canlas is a much sought after still photographer (I use him for publicity stills on all of my projects) and also runs a workshop called "Film is Not Dead."

In an age when many still photographers are switching to digital, Jon's work speaks volumes for the value of the real thing.

You can check out his work here: Jonathan Canlas' Blog

-Dave Boyle

John Bailey Article

An excellent article in a recent issue of American Cinematographer caught my eye. Veteran D.P. John Bailey has shot numerous digital films over the years (remember "The Anniversary Party" and the great "Incident at Loch Ness"?), but he is firmly on the side of traditional photochemical 35mm film.

He makes some excellent points in the article (though in the latest issue of A.C. his aversion to the Digital Intermediate process is gently rebutted by his colleague Roger Deakins. Actually, I have no idea if they are colleagues. By colleagues I mean if they know each other).

Check it out here. The DI Dilemma



-Dave Boyle

The DLP Dilemma...

Recently, a new deal between film studios and exhibitors was announced to convert thousands of American screens to digital technology.

Have you ever been to a digital cinema before? They are becoming increasingly common. Most of them have the obnoxious "Believe Your Eyes" promo from Dolby that shows a traditional film countdown (along with rickety film-projector sound effects) which explodes in a glorious shower of fireworks to be replaced by a shimmering digital countdown and eardrum-pulverizing underwater sound effects blasting through every speaker in the theater.

All of which would be fine if the digital cinema technology actually offered an improvement over traditional projected 35mm film.

I'm getting into sticky territory here... The truth is, digital cinema technology will admittedly improve the quality of viewing at most mall-type multiplexes where the projectionist is usually 16 years old (if you're lucky). There is a multiplex near my house (I won't name the chain, but it starts with "C" and ends in "Armike") that I refused to visit for many years. The projectionists there rarely (if ever) framed the movies correctly and I never once in a whole year saw a movie projected in focus. They recently made a switch to DLP, and I gotta admit (begrudgingly) it's an improvement. Still, well-projected 35mm is still vastly superior. Something about the DLP picture seems overly saturated and unnatural to me; the highlights don't seem to hold any detail.

This new plan to switch even more screens to digital has me worried. Companies like Kodak and Fuji make a great deal of income from their release prints for studios. If that income were to suddenly vanish, will they be able to continue provided negative camera stock to filmmakers? Will student film packages (one of the only remaining reasons young filmmakers ever get a chance to shoot on film) suddenly vanish overnight?

I am not convinced that having digital cinemas will help indie filmmakers get their work wider recognition. The small art house cinemas will not be able to afford to make the switch to these expensive new projectors, and as a result indie filmmakers will still have a lot more luck if their pictures finish on film.

I started this blog to talk about film as a capture medium, but I believe the DLP issue is very relevant. Its all interrelated...


-Dave Boyle